Which type of T lymphocytes are responsible for directly attacking and destroying foreign pathogens?

T cytotoxic cells, also known as CD8+ T cells, are specialized lymphocytes that play a crucial role in the immune response by directly targeting and eliminating infected or abnormal cells, such as those infected by viruses or cancerous cells. These cells recognize specific antigens presented on the surface of infected or malignantly transformed cells. Upon activation, T cytotoxic cells release cytotoxic granules that contain perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis in the targeted cells.

The ability of T cytotoxic cells to recognize and destroy these pathogens is essential for maintaining the body's defense mechanisms. They form an integral part of the adaptive immune system, which tailors its response to specific pathogens. This direct action against foreign pathogens distinguishes T cytotoxic cells from other types of T lymphocytes, such as T helper cells, which facilitate the immune response without directly killing pathogens.